Pengembangan Kompetensi Guru Sepanjang Karier: Analisis Komparatif Mekanisme Dukungan di Enam Negara dan Relevansinya bagi Indonesia

Maila D.H. Rahiem

doi:10.58230/27454312.5090

Authors

Maila D.H. Rahiem Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58230/27454312.5090

Keywords:

kompetensi guru, pembelajaran profesional, dukungan sepanjang karier, analisis komparatif, Indonesia

Abstract

Kompetensi guru kerap direduksi menjadi kualifikasi, sertifikasi, skor asesmen, atau keikutsertaan dalam pelatihan, padahal kompetensi terwujud dalam keputusan dan tindakan pembelajaran. Kajian integratif dan analisis kebijakan komparatif ini menelaah makna kompetensi guru, mekanisme dukungan profesional lintas sistem, serta relevansi dan batas penerapannya bagi Indonesia. Korpus terdiri atas 58 sumber: 44 artikel jurnal—42 terbit pada 2016–2025 dan dua karya fondasional—serta 14 sumber resmi berupa regulasi, laporan, dan laman kelembagaan. Singapura, Portugal, Finlandia, Jepang, Estonia, dan Korea Selatan dipilih secara purposif untuk merepresentasikan variasi mekanisme dan konteks kelembagaan. Sintesis konseptual mengorganisasi kompetensi ke dalam enam dimensi analitis yang saling beririsan; perbandingan mekanisme dukungan menggunakan matriks delapan dimensi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi guru merupakan kapasitas profesional untuk memobilisasi pengetahuan, keterampilan, pertimbangan, nilai, dan disposisi etis dalam tindakan yang responsif terhadap murid dan konteks. Perbandingan lintas kasus memperlihatkan pentingnya hubungan antara pembelajaran profesional, praktik, umpan balik, kolaborasi, bukti kerja, waktu, dan dukungan kelembagaan. Mekanisme tersebut dirangkum ke dalam lima fungsi dukungan yang tidak hierarkis, dapat beririsan, dan dapat kembali dibutuhkan sesuai tugas dan konteks guru. Bagi Indonesia, temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya menghubungkan program yang telah tersedia berdasarkan kebutuhan guru, dengan perubahan praktik, kesejahteraan, dan pemerataan sebagai pertimbangan utama.

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